This study briefly reviews the heart abnormalities in diverse intracranial pathologies, including strokes, spontaneous and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage, and presents the results of a one-year prospective study of heart abnormalities in patients with moderate to severe head injuries and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Different abnormalities such as: QT-interval, T-waves, V-waves, QRS complex, ST-Segment, arterial and ventricular flutter and PAC, heart arrhythmia, angina pectoris and blood pressure changes were recorded and analyzed. The most common electrocardiographic change was ST-segment depression (67%). This report tries to identify a rational relationship among the severity of head injury, site of lesion and level of consciousness at the time of admission, different surgical procedures, site of operation, prognosis and Cardiac abnormalities. The presence of the complete pathway for sympathetic outflow from the orbital-frontal cortex to the limbic system via stellate ganglia to the heart is also discussed. In conclusion Cardiac abnormalities can greatly increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with intracranial pathologies. Emphasis is made on timely prevention and treatment of Cardiac abnormalities preferably by stabilization of homeostasis of the brain condition by medical and surgical techniques; anti-arrhythmic drugs should be avoided unless strongly indicated. Obviously ventricular flutter and fibrillation must be treated with counter shock and anti-arrhythmic drugs.      

Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced Cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the Cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced Cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Introduction: β-thalassemia, particularly the major form, is associated with significant morbidity, as it requires lifelong maintenance transfusion therapy to manage the condition. This transforms thalassemia from a fatal childhood disease into a chronic disorder. Nonetheless, this therapeutic approach presents challenges due to its pathological adverse effects on Cardiac health, including heart failure and arrhythmias. Discussion: Multiple lifelong transfusions, combined with the pathological effects of thalassemia—such as hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis—exacerbate excessive iron deposition, primarily in the liver but most critically in the heart. This creates a vicious cycle between iron overload and Cardiac dysfunction. Due to their high dependence on blood transfusions, thalassemia major patients are predisposed to left-sided heart failure, resulting from both dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy, as well as life-threatening arrhythmias and electrical disturbances. These complications arise from the heart’s overwhelmed capacity to clear free radicals. Cardiac dysfunction represents a critical complication requiring early detection and prompt intervention, underscoring the limitations of conventional echocardiography in diagnosing subclinical and systolic dysfunction—the latter often appearing only in advanced disease. Earlier risk stratification is essential, with recent studies highlighting the role of genetic predisposition, biomarkers, and advanced noninvasive imaging (MRI) in facilitating timely treatment initiation, such as iron-chelating therapy, to improve survival outcomes. Conclusions: Iron overload is an inevitable consequence for thalassemia major patients requiring transfusions, as the human body lacks mechanisms to eliminate excess iron. These patients require careful observation, monitoring, and timely diagnosis according to standard guidelines to facilitate chelation therapy and prevent its harmful effects. This review examines the complex interplay between symptomatic management of thalassemia, subsequent iron overload, and Cardiac dysfunction in treated patients, with the goal of promoting early detection of therapeutic complications and timely intervention.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is the earliest Cardiac dysfunction noted in patients with liver cirrhosis, which increases the morbidity and mortality in such patients. There are sparse studies from India evaluating the predictive factors of LVDD in patients with cirrhosis. Hence we undertook this prospective study with an aim to evaluate the factors predicting the development of LVDD in liver cirrhosis. METHODS 104 patients with cirrhosis were enrolled in this prospective study. A detailed Cardiac evaluation was done by 2 D echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging by an experienced senior cardiologist. The severity of liver disease was defined by Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Pugh score. RESULTS The prevalence of LVDD was 46% in our study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum albumin, MELD score, and presence of ascites (OR = 0. 1, 95%CI 0. 03-0. 3, p < 0. 001; Or = 1. 12, 95%CI 1. 03-1. 22, p < 0. 001; OR = 4. 19, 95%CI 1. 38-12. 65, p < 0. 01, respectively) were independent predictors of LVDD in patients with cirrhosis. Diastolic dysfunction was unrelated to age, sex, and etiology of cirrhosis. The patients with cirrhosis and LVDD had significantly higher child Pugh score, MELD score, and lower serum albumin than patients without LVDD. The echocardiographic parameters like E/e’ ratio, Deceleration time (DT), and Left atrial volume index (LAVI) were significantly different in cirrhotic patients with higher MELD and child Pugh score than lower. CONCLUSION The present study showed a significant correlation of diastolic dysfunction with the severity of the liver disease. Low serum albumin, high MELD score, and presence of ascites significantly predict the development of LVDD in patients with cirrhosis.